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Introduction

Historical Background

GSM

EDGE

WCDMA

  WCDMA

Carrier Spacing and Deployment Scenarios

Logical Channels

Control Channels

Uplink Physical Channels

Downlink Physical Channels

Packet Data

Handovers

Soft Handovers

Chapter Summary

UMTS

The Future

Final Thoughts

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Carrier Spacing and Deployment Scenarios

The carrier spacing has a range of 200 kHz and can differ from 4.2 to 5.4 MHz, the different carrier spacing can be used to obtain suitable adjacent channel protections depending on the interference scenario. Figure 30 shows an example, where the bandwidth of 15 MHz with three cell layers. Larger carrier spacing can be applied between operators, than within one operators band in order to avoid inter-operator interference. Interfrequency measurements and handovers are supported by WCDMA to make use of three cell layers and carriers.

Figure 30 Frequency utilization with WCDMA
(Adapted from Holma, H. et al 2000)

 

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